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After planning to go over the last few years, I have finally made it down to Wayland's Smithy and Uffington White Horse in Oxfordshire. These sites were known to Tolkien. In several books Wayland's Smithy is mentioned (Tom Shippey's "Road to Middle Earth" and Humphrey Carpenter's "JRR Tolkien biography" to name two). In an article on British Archaeology's website, "Lord of the Hrungs" (http://www.archaeologyuk.org/ba/ba65/feat4.shtml), there are several mentions including,
It was great going to the Smithy, Uffington White Horse (with Uffington Castle and Dragon Hill) and then doing a 7+ mile walk along the ancient trackway known as the Ridgeway. Definitely felt like I had made a connection with our ancestors and perhaps Tolkien too, who spent time in this landscape."The Neolithic chambered long barrow just off the Ridgeway to which Tolkien used to take his family on their Sunday outings had acquired the Anglo-Saxon name Wayland's Smithy by the middle of the 10th century..."
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“Lord of the Hrungs” by David Hinton“One landscape that Tolkien knew well was the Berkshire Downs with their Neolithic long barrows and Bronze Age round barrows. He spent a week walking and painting on the Downs in his first year as an undergraduate, and subsequent walks with his children in the 1930s took him back there at a time when stories were shaping in his mind. The Downs helped to create his Barrow-lands, though he repositioned the standing stones 'like jagged teeth' that crowned some of its hills in the Lord of the Rings - the sarsens on the Downs are on the slopes, not the summits. The great White Horse cut into the chalk scarp does not seem to figure directly in the images of Barrow-lands, but such a beast would have drawn the eye of someone whose best-known academic essay was titled 'Beowulf ; the monsters and the critics', published in 1936.”
British Archaeology, Issue 65 (June 2002)
http://www.archaeologyuk.org/ba/ba65/feat4.shtml
For those interested in the sites, Neil Oliver goes to Wayland's Smithy in this episode (about 11 mins in) -
http://www.dailymotion.com/video/x2en1k ... e01_travel
And info -
WAYLAND'S SMITHY
http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/.../waylands-smithy/
UFFINGTON WHITE HORSE
http://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/white-horse-hill
THE RIDGEWAY
http://www.nationaltrail.co.uk/ridgeway